Komentarz do Królów II 23:37
וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֖וּ אֲבֹתָֽיו׃
I czynił co niegodziwem było w oczach Wiekuistego, zupełnie tak jak czynili ojcowie jego.
From David to Destruction
Introduction
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
From David to Destruction
Introduction
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
From David to Destruction
R. Elazar HaKalir’s Kinah
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
From David to Destruction
A Peaceful Death?
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Rashi on II Kings
At his place. The place where the king stands in the Beis Hamikdosh.1See above 11:14. It was a special place in the Beis Hamikdosh where the king would stand when addressing the people.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Ralbag on II Kings
And the king stood on the platform: It would seem that they build a platform there, and the King would stand on it at the time when they read the Torah, as was mentioned with regard to the communal Torah reading.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Rashi on II Kings
The kohanim of the second rank. The assistants of the priesthood,2The kohein who was anointed for war was also included in this group.—Metzudas Dovid who are second in rank3They would substitute for the kohein gadol in the event that he was incapacitated to perform the service in the Beis Hamikdosh.—Radak to the Kohanim Gedolim.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Rashi on II Kings
And the gatekeepers. The supervisors in charge over all the necessities of the Beis [Hamikdosh], and the keys of the Temple's courtyard were in their charge.4See Rashi above, 12:10.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Rashi on II Kings
In the plains of Kidron. In the plains of Kidron.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Rashi on II Kings
And he carried their ashes to Beis Eil. To an unclean place, where he defiled the altar that Yorovom had made,5See v. 15 below. and he burned upon it the priests of the high places.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Rashi on II Kings
And who had burned incense on the high places. And those who burned incense on the high places in the cities of Yehudah.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Rashi on II Kings
The houses devoted to pagan worship. The houses of lewdness.6Alternatively, houses designated for those individuals who dedicated their lives to worship the asheiroh and lived in seclusion.—Metzudas Dovid
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Rashi on II Kings
Would weave coverings Curtains.7The curtains that they wove were used as enclosures for the asheiroh.—Metzudas Dovid
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Rashi on II Kings
Were not permitted to ascend. The priests who burned incense on the high places to idols, were not permitted to ascend anymore to serve on the Altar of Adonoy.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Rashi on II Kings
They would eat matzohs. I.e., but in this thing they would not be disqualified from their priesthood, that they are allowed to eat hallowed things. They are like blemished [kohanim] and they share and eat [of the sacrifice], but they may not offer [sacrifices].8See Maseches Menachos 109a.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Rashi on II Kings
They would eat matzohs. Meal-offerings,9All meal offerings were prepared in an unleavened state [=matzohs]. See Vayikra 2:10-11. and similarly, all hallowed things.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Rashi on II Kings
The Tophes. This was the Molech, it is named [תפת] because priests would bang on drums [=תופים] so that the father should not hear the groans of the child when he was burned by the pagan image,10According to Ralbag, the service of Molech involved the passing of a child by priests between two fires. Molech, they called it Tophes.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Rashi on II Kings
The horses. Those [people] who prostrated themselves to the sun, had horses ready in the morning to go out toward the sun.11The idolatrous kings of Yehudah would ride these horses from the entrance of the Beis Hamikdosh to the chamber of Nesan Melech which was located to the east of the city.—Ralbag and Metzudas Dovid
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Rashi on II Kings
Nesan Melech. That was its name.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Rashi on II Kings
In the outskirts. I do not know what they are.12”רורים are the open space areas located outside the city. In Yechezkeil 27:28 the verse states, “the surrounding areas [=מגרשות] will tremble,” and Targum renders “פרורים” for מגרשות.—Radak
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Rashi on II Kings
He quickly removed them from there. And he eliminated them from there.13Alternatively, וירץ stems from רוץ [=to run], and the phrase means, “he quickly removed them,” or וירץ stems from רצץ [=to smash], and the phrase means, “and he smashed them,” i.e. after he demolished the altars he further smashed the pieces.—Radak
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Rashi on II Kings
Of Har Hamashchis. [I.e.,] the Mount of Olives, which is known as the Mount of Oil. But because its name is mentioned in reference to idolatry, [Scripture] changed its name to a derogatory expression.14I.e., from הר המשחה [=Mount of Oil] to הר המשחית [=Mount of Destroyer].
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Rashi on II Kings
”What is this marker?” He saw a grave, one side of which was overgrown with thorns and thistles, and whose other side was graced with myrtles and spices. He wondered about it and said, “What is this?”15Alternatively, he saw a grave with a large and distinctive marker that was unlike the markers of other graves. The old [=false] prophet was certain that the prophecy of the prophet from Yehudah would be fulfilled and that Yoshiyahu would spare the bones of that prophet. He hoped that his bones would also be spared because of their proximity and he therefore instructed that a large and distinctive marker be erected on that prophet's grave.—Radak And they replied.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Rashi on II Kings
”It is the grave of the man of God.” And the false prophet, who commanded his sons that they bury him next to him.16See I Melochim 13:31-32. Although they were buried over 350 years ago, the people knew about it by tradition handed down from father to son.—Radak
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Rashi on II Kings
In the cities of Shomron. For Yeshayohu was king over all Yisroel, of those who returned from the ten tribes through Yirmiyohu.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Ralbag on II Kings
And he slew all the priests of the high places that were there, upon the altars: It would seem that there still remained there a few Israelites, as mentioned after this, and they still clung to their wickedness. And there were priests of the high places there and Josiah sacrificed them upon the altars and burned the bones of men upon the altars.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Rashi on II Kings
Such a Pesach sacrifice had not been offered. So many people had not assembled at any Pesach sacrifice as had assembled at this one.17The magnitude of the participation by the vast number of people was unprecedented. Alternatively, since the time of the Judges, the people had never celebrated Pesach so devotedly.—Ralbag
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Rashi on II Kings
Since the time of the Judges. ”Since the time of Shmuel,”18II Divrei Hayomim 35:18. In Divrei Hayomim, it is written, because Shmuel, too, led Yisroel to improve their ways,19Alternatively, Shmuel is mentioned because he was the last of the Judges.—Metzudas Dovid and he assembled them to Mitzpoh. Alternatively, such a Pesach had not been offered to God in Yerusholayim, [i.e.,] (but) when the kings of Yisroel and the kings of Yehudah reigned, all Yisroel did not perform a Pesach sacrifice in Yerusholayim, because the kingdom had been divided in two since Yorovom, and they would go to the calf in Beis Eil and in Dan until now, that the ten tribes were exiled, and Yirmiyohu brought them back, and Yoshiyahu reigned over them, and they all came to Yerusholayim.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Rashi on II Kings
The teraphim. Images20In I Shmuel 19:16, Rashi described teraphim as being made in the likeness of a human figure. that speak through sorcery, and the one who make them must determine a certain time in the year, and a certain year that is appropriate for this.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Rashi on II Kings
Anointed. He did not require anointment,21Ordinarily, a king's son does not need to be anointed unless there is a dispute over his successor. See Maseches Kerisos 5b. nonetheless [he was anointed] because Yehoyakim his brother was two years older than he, as is explained in this section.22Verse 31 below states that Yehoachaz was twenty three years old when he became king and v. 36 states that his brother Yehoyakim was twenty-five years old when he became king. Being that Yehoachaz reigned for only three months as indicated in v. 31, it follows that there is a two year age difference between them.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Ralbag on II Kings
according to all that his fathers had done: This means his fathers that had a done evil in the eyes of the Lord, like Ahaz and Menasseh and others like them.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Ralbag on II Kings
and put the land to a fine: This means that he required a yearly tribute, and made Eliakim king over them.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Rashi on II Kings
Each one according to his assessment. According to his wealth.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy